General Flash Programming Information
Types of Programming for Flash Devices
The number of devices to be programmed will influence the optimal programming methodology. Those
available are listed below:
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In-system programming
Using a programmer
Using a microprocessor or microcontroller
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Device programmers
Single-site programmers
Multi-site programmers, batch programmers, or gang programmers
Automated production (robotic) programmers
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Volume programming services
Microsemi in-house programming
Programming centers
In-System Programming
Device Type Supported: Flash
ISP refers to programming the FPGA after it has been mounted on the system printed circuit board. The
FPGA may be preprogrammed and later reprogrammed using ISP.
The advantage of using ISP is the ability to update the FPGA design many times without any changes to
the board. This eliminates the requirement of using a socket for the FPGA, saving cost and improving
reliability. It also reduces programming hardware expenses, as the ISP methodology is die-/package-
independent.
There are two methods of in-system programming: external and internal.
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Programmer ISP—Refer to the "In-System Programming (ISP) of Microsemi’s Low Power Flash
Using an external programmer and a cable, the device can be programmed through a header on
the system board. In Microsemi SoC Products Group documentation, this is referred to as
external ISP. Microsemi provides FlashPro4, FlashPro3, FlashPro Lite, or Silicon Sculptor 3 to
perform external ISP. Note that Silicon Sculptor II and Silicon Sculptor 3 can only provide ISP for
ProASIC and ProASIC PLUS? families, not for SmartFusion, Fusion, IGLOO, or ProASIC3. Silicon
Sculptor II and Silicon Sculptor 3 can be used for programming ProASIC and ProASIC PLUS
devices by using an adapter module (part number SMPA-ISP-ACTEL-3).
Advantages: Allows local control of programming and data files for maximum security. The
programming algorithms and hardware are available from Microsemi. The only hardware
required on the board is a programming header.
Limitations: A negligible board space requirement for the programming header and JTAG
signal routing
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Microprocessor ISP—Refer to the "Microprocessor Programming of Microsemi’s Low Power
Flash Devices" chapter of an appropriate FPGA fabric user ’s guide for more information.
Using a microprocessor and an external or internal memory, you can store the program in
memory and use the microprocessor to perform the programming. In Microsemi documentation,
this is referred to as internal ISP. Both the code for the programming algorithm and the FPGA
programming file must be stored in memory on the board. Programming voltages must also be
generated on the board.
4
Advantages: The programming code is stored in the system memory. An external programmer
is not required during programming.
Limitations: This is the approach that requires the most design work, since some way of
getting and/or storing the data is needed; a system interface to the device must be designed;
and the low-level API to the programming firmware must be written and linked into the code
provided by Microsemi. While there are benefits to this methodology, serious thought and
planning should go into the decision.
J ul y 2 01 0
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